Expected Outcome: Proposal results are expected to contribute to the following expected outcomes: • New technology solutions exploiting the unique properties of 2D materials (2DM) that would reduce cost and increase the efficacy of diagnostics or therapies, or provide new diagnostics or therapies for which there is currently no solution. It would strengthen Europe’s industrial position in, early diagnostics, disease prediction and prevention, disease monitoring and reducing hospitalization time. Scope: Proposals should build on the multi-functionality allowed by 2DMs and demonstrate the advantages of combining e.g. biocompatibility, chemical stability, (bio-)sensing and actuating, and integration with flexible electronic technologies, in addition to versatile surface chemistry (for interface with biology) to allow continuous health monitoring and built-in pharmacological interventions. Emphasis of the proposals should have a translational perspective, addressing how the devices and systems will reach the clinic, preferably led by European industry. Furthermore, the proposals should bring together multidisciplinary teams including engineers, material scientists, pharmacologists, biologists, clinicians, patients, and ethics experts. Potential application areas include: engineering & bioengineering of biochemical or bioelectronic diagnostics or therapeutic devices and platforms; sensors for digital health; electronics for brain-computer interfaces, taking advantage of flexible devices; medical imaging in combination with implantable devices (e.g. MRI); graphene for drug delivery of therapeutics (e.g. for neurological disorders). The safety aspects of the proposed technologies should be given proper consideration. Proposals should include activities aiming at facilitating future exploitation of results. Proposals should aim at demonstrating by the end of the project fully functional prototypes operating in relevant environment conditions (TRL 5). The proposal should also cover the contribution to the governance and overall coordination of the Graphene Flagship initiative.